Communication with the aid of electromagnetic devices.



No. 7l5,8|7. Patented Dec. l6", I902. KITSEE.

COMMUNICATION WITH THE AID [IF ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES.

(Application med June 19, 1897. Renewed Apr. 29, 1902. (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheef I.

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No. 7|5,,a|7. Patented Dec. l6, I902.

|. KITSEE.

co nu umcmon WITH THE AID 0F ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES.

(Application-filed Jun 19, 1897. Renewed Apr. 29 1902. I (No Model.) 2 Shgets-Sheet 2.

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PATENT COMMUNICATION'WITH THE AID 0F ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 715,817, dated December 16, 1902. Application filed June 19, 1897. Renewed April 29, 1902. Serial No. 105,234. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISIDOR KITSEE, of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Communications with the Aid of Electromagnetic Devices, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to communications with the aid of electromagnetic devices.

The object of my invention is to send and receive messages or signals between stationary points or moving vehicles with the aid of the rails and without additional line-wires.

The underlying principle of my invention is to alternately energize by means of negative waves one or both of the rails in opposite directions and receive these magnetic waves with the aid of a suitable receiving instrument.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar letters indicate similar parts, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating my invention as adapted to two stationary points. Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating the device used between two moving vehicles. Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the operation of the device between stationary point and moving vehicle. Fig. 4 is also a diagrammatic view showing another form of the invention, in which form a mechanical alternator is employed.

A A are the rails; B, the electromagnet, the cores of which are in magnetic connection with the rails. The terminals of the electromagnetic coils are connected through wire L with receiver 0 and through wire L with the interposition of a generator of alternating currents, such as an alternating dynamo X X, through wire Z with the contact-point cl of the transmitter-key D, the movable lever of which is connected with the free end of the receiver 0. The contact-point d of the key is through wire Z in electrical connection with the wire L. The spring 8 is arranged in a manner so as to draw normally the lever of the key from contact-point d and to contact-- point 01.

When the device is at rest, the circuit is closed around electromagnets 13, line L, receiver 0, wire Z, lever of key D, contact at,

wire Z and line L, the dynamo-circuit being left open.

When the device is in use-that is, when the operator presses his keyhe breaks the contact between the key-lever and point d, thereby opening the formerly closed circuit; but at the same time he establishes an elec trical connection between the key and contact d, closing the circuit which contains the dynamo, the electromagnetic coils, and the receiver. This closing of the key sends impulses of electricity through the coils; but as the flow of the current is constantly reversed it follows that the polarity of the coilcores is constantly of opposite direction. The effect of the closing of the key, therefore, on the electromagnets and through them on the rails is not to transmit one magnetic wave of a longer or shorter duration, but each closing will result in the transmission of a number of such waves, each having a polarity in opposition to the polarity of the preceding wave, and the number of these waves, the duration of each of which may and particularly should be equal, will depend on the time the key-lever stays depressed, a short closing time denoting a dot and a longer closing time a dash. All, therefore, the operator has to do in sending a message is to manipulate the key in the same manner as is the case with the ordinary Morse instrument. The necessity of this arrangement will be apparent when the material of the rails is considered, for most of the rails of the steam-roads of to-day are made of steel, and a magnetic wave sent through such a rail will leave the same, for

all practical purposes, in the required magnetic condition. A steel rail magnetized the first time will affect such a delicate instrument as a telephonic receiver; but the succeeding impulse, if in the same direction, will leave the diaphragm undisturbed; but where, as in the system described, each character is composed of a prearranged number of impulses in opposite direction lasting a prearranged time interval the receiver will through the vibration of the diaphragm, lasting a longer or shorter period, clearly define the nature or value of the transmitted sign or character.

I have illustrated the device as including a dynamo; but where a battery is used a separate alternator is of course necessary; but it has to be borne in mind that with steel rails of a great length the polarity cannot be changed at a speed as rapidly as the usual alternation of an even slow-going dynamo, and such a dynamo or alternator has to be carefully adjusted so as to give the necessary alternation at a given time and no more. It also should be taken into consideration that the manipulation of the key has to be a comparatively slow one.

In Fig. 4 is shown another form of the invention, in which form a mechanical alternator, in contradistinction to the alternating dynamo of the other forms, is employed, and by referring to said figure the letter X designates the mechanical alternator, which is conneeted to a battery E by the conductors .2 and z, the latter being connected to the alternator through the medium of brushes ,2' and .2 respectively. 3 and 1 designate collecting-brushes in con tact with the alternator X, and 11 and y conductors leading therefrom and connected in series with the circuit in which the key D is located. It is obvious that the alternator X can be operated by any well-known means, the dotted lines indicating the axis of said alternator.

The modus operandi is the following: The operator depresses at his station the key in accordance with the Morse alphabet shorter closing time for dot and longer closing time for dash. Each closing will result in the flow of a series of electrical impulses of alternate direction through coils of the electromagnets, converted into series of alternating magnetic impulses, flowing as a series of magnetic waves of alternate direction through the rails and cores of electromagnets of the receiving-station. These alternating magnetic waves will induce corresponding alternating currents of electricity in the receiving-coils, and the generated alternating currents will actuate the telephonic receiver, based, as it is, on electromagnetic action.

In Figs. 2 and 3 the axis of one of the pair of wheels of a vehicle replaces the cores of the coils of Fig. 1. I had recourse to the arrangement because their contact is a positive one on a vehicle traveling at a great speed; but, if desired, the ordinary coil may be used or a device substituted similar to a wheel pair connected together by an axis of soft 1ron.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a system of telegraphy two or more sending and receiving stations, means at the sending-station for generating magnetic impulses of opposite polarity, means for carrying the generated impulses between the sending and receiving stations and means at the receiving-station for receiving the magnetic impulses.

2. In a system of telegraph y, means at each independent station for generating magnetic impulses of opposite polarity; signal-transmitting mechanism in electrical contact with said generating means at each independent station; means for carrying the generated impulses to receiving-station more or less remote from sending-station and means at the receiving-station for receiving the incoming magnetic impulses.

In a system of electric communication, a sending-station provided with a source of alternating current, a device adapted to convert said current into magnetic waves of opposite polarity, and a sending-key, rails or means similar in their action magnetically connecting said sending-station with a receiving-station, a device at said receiving-station for reconverting said magnetic waves into electric Waves, and a device adapted to act as a receiver of said reconverted waves.

4:. A system of communication, consisting of one or more sending and one or more re-- ceiving stations, each being provided with a device for generating alternating magnetic waves and a sending-key as sender, and a device adapted to convert said magnetic waves into electric waves and a telephonic receiver; and means for magnetically connecting the sending and receiving stations.

5. A system of telegraphy embracing a Witnesses:

WALLACE B. ELDRIDGE, A. P. RUTHERFORD. 

